The default scope of a preference item is the users or computers targeted by the GPO in which the preference item has been configured. You can modify this default scope by using item-level targeting, which you can use to create one or more targeting items for a preference item. These targeting items can be used to determine whether or not the preference item should be applied based on various conditions—for example:
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Whether or not a battery is present in the targeted computer
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Whether the name of the targeted computer matches the name specified in the targeting item
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Whether an environment variable for the targeted user or computer has the value specified
The full list of different categories of targeting items is as follows:
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Battery Present
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Computer Name
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CPU Speed
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Date Match
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Disk Space
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Domain
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Environment Variable
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File Match
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IP Address Range
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Language
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LDAP Query
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MAC Address Range
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MSI Query
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Network Connection
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Operating System
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Organizational Unit
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PCMCIA Present
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Portable Computer
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Processing Mode
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RAM
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Registry Match
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Security Group
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Site
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Terminal Session
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Time Range
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User
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WMI Query
The above tip was excerpted from Mitch Tulloch's book Training Guide: Installing and Configuring Windows Server 2012 from Microsoft Press.
Mitch is a nine-time recipient of the Microsoft Most Valuable Professional (MVP) award and a widely recognized expert on Windows administration, deployment and virtualization. For more information see http://www.mtit.com.